英语音标及字母组合对照

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首页语言学习

英语音标及字母组合对照

发布部门：　发布时间：2014-12-22 　浏览次数：

英语国际音标表（48个）

元音（20个）
短元音	[?e] [e] [i] [?] [?] [u] [?]
长元音	[i:] [?:] [a:] [u:] [?:]
双元音	[ei] [ai] [?u] [au] [?i] [i?] [e?] [u?]
辅音（28个）
轻辅音	[p] [ t] [ k] [f] [θ] [s]
浊辅音	[b] [d] [g] [v] [ð] [z]
轻辅音	[?] [ h] [ts] [t?] [tr]
浊辅音	[?] [ r] [dz] [d?] [dr]
鼻音	[m] [n ] [?]
半元音	[ j ] [ w ]
边音	[ ? ]

新旧英语国际音标对照表

Vowels

元音

新

З:

旧

新

ɑ:

旧

ɑ:

ε?

Consonants

辅音

无变化

∫

t∫

英语音标及字母组合对照

序号	音标		字母	例词
元音（20个）
1	[i:]		ee	three tree green sheep meet beef see seek
			ea	eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please
			e	he she me
			ie	piece
			ei	receive ceiling
2	[ I ]		i	sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss
			y	myth many twenty happy dictionary
			e	Defect decide
			ui
			u
			a
3	[ æ ]		a	bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man
4	[e]		ea	head bread pleasure
			e	elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes
			a	many any
5	[ε:]		ir	girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird
			ur	turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger
			ear	learn earn earth heard
			er	term her nerd serve
			or	work worm work world
6	[ε]		er	teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder
			or	doctor actor mayor author tractor
			ou	delicious gracious pleasure
			ar	familiar collar dollar
			o	together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite
			a	around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china
			e	men listen
			u	famulus Saturday
7	[a:]		ar	car farm card arm garden
7	[a:]		a	fast class last glass plant aunt calm
8	[ ? ]		u	up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus
			o	come mother dose brother love above
			ou	trouble rough flourish
			oo	blood flood
9	[?: ]		al	small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
			or	short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store
			au	author caught autumn
			our	four mourn court bought
			ar	warm quarrel quarter
10	[?] ([?])		o	hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not
			a	want wash watch
			ou
11	[u:]		oo	food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth
			o	shoe do two
			u	true truth blue full prude
12	[u]		oo	look good foot book wood
			ou	should could
			u	put full bull pull push
			o	woman wolf
13	[ei]		a	name cake late gate plane April
			ay	play say may way
			ea	great break
			ai	rain paint plain
			ey	they grey
14	[ai]		i	bike fine find die nine light night high
14	[ai]		y	my try fly eye
15	[au]		ou	house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse
15	[au]		ow	flower down now cow how town
16	[εu]		o	home cold go no phone host ghost
			ow	know low below grow blow show flow
			oa	boat coat goal
17	[ ?? ]		oy	boy toy joy
17	[ ?? ]		oi	oil soil voice choice
18	[iε]		eer	beer deer
			ear	ear near
				here fierce idea
19	[ ?? ]		ear	pear bear
			air	chair air fair
			ere	there where
				care
20	[uε] [au?]		our	hour tour
20	[uε] [au?]		ower	flower shower
辅音
1		[p]	p	pot pig put people piano
2		[b]	b	book bag big job bear but
3		[t]	t	tooth teacher tea table task
4		[d]	d	dog dig duck dad double
5		[k]	k	keep cake
			c	cake cat cup cap
			ck	socks
6		[g]	g	grandpa girl green good god
7		[f]	f	father fat foot full fit
8		[v]	V	five very vent drive vary
9		[s]	S	small study bus yes must
10		[z]	Z	jazz zoo zero clothes zig
11		[θ]	th	eighth forth tenth eleventh ninth
12		[δ]	th	those these that this there
13		[? ]	sh	cash bush shake shoe ship
14		[?]	sure	measure pleasure leisure
15		[t?]	th	chair chicken lunch change
16		[d?]	j	jack job
17		[tr]	tr	tree truck train
18		[dr]	dr	dress drink drain
19		[ts]	ts	students coats cats
20		[dz]	ds	beds odds codes
21		[m]	m	mum moon morning
22		[n]	n	moon nut needle
23		[?]	ng	ink link ring
24		[h]	h	hello hurry hey
25		[l]	l	look leg lake
26		[r]	r	rain radio room
27		[w]	w	window wake week
28		[ j]	y	yellow yes you
				x光透视，含有“克斯”音，英语[ks] [ks] [ks]。
				qu [kw]
				字母c在ce，ci，cy字母组合中，读[s]，其他情况读[s]

原形		过去式	过去分词	原形	过去式	过去分词	原形	过去式	过去分词
be	am/is	was	been 1	build	built	built 9	feel	felt	felt 16
be	are	were	been 1	lend	lent	lent	keep	kept	kept
do/does		did	done	send	sent	sent	leave	left	left
go/goes		went	gone	spend	spent	spent	sleep	slept	slept
have/has		had	had	lose	lost	lost	sweep	swept	swept
bet		bet	bet 2	make	made	made	can	could	17
cost		cost	cost	hear	heard	heard 10	shall	should
cut		cut	cut	deal	dealt	dealt	will	would
hit		hit	hit	mean	meant	meant	may	might
hurt		hurt	hurt	hold	held	held 11	must	must
let		let	let	sell	sold	sold	bear	bore	born 18
put		put	put	tell	told	told	bear	bore	borne
read		read	read	begin	began	begun 12	beat	beat	beat
set		set	set	drink	drank	drunk	beat	beat	beaten
shut		shut	shut	ring	rang	rung	forget	forgot	forgot
spread		spread	spread	sing	sang	sung	forget	forgot	forgotten
become		became	become 3	sink	sank	sunk	get	got	got
come		came	come	swim	swam	swum	get	got	gotten
overcome		overcame	overcome	break	broke	broken 13	hide	hid	hid
run		ran	run	choose	chose	chosen	hide	hid	hidden
bring		brought	brought 4	freeze	froze	frozen	show	showed	shown
buy		bought	bought	speak	spoke	spoken	show	showed	showed
fight		fought	fought	steal	stole	stolen	burn	burnt	burnt
think		thought	thought	tear	tore	torn	burn	burned	burned
catch		caught	caught 5	wear	wore	worn	dream	dreamt	dreamt
teach		taught	taught	blow	blew	blown 14	dream	dreamed	dreamed
feed		fed	fed 6	grow	grew	grown	hang	hung	hung
lead		led	led	know	knew	known	hang	hanged	hanged
meet		met	met	throw	threw	thrown	learn	learnt	learnt
shoot		shot	shot	draw	drew	drawn	learn	learned	learned
speed		sped	sped	fly	flew	flown	lie	lay	lain
lay		laid	laid 7	drive	drove	driven 15	lie	lied	lied
pay		paid	paid	ride	rode	ridden	light	lit	lit
say		said	said	rise	rose	risen	light	lighted	lighted
babysit		babysat	babysat 8	write	wrote	written	shine	shone	shone
sit		sat	sat	fall	fell	fallen	shine	shined	shined
win		won	won	give	gave	given	smell	smelt	smelt
dig		dug	dug	mistake	mistook	mistaken	smell	smelled	smelled
stick		stuck	stuck	shake	shook	shaken	spell	spelt	spelt
find		found	found	take	took	taken	spell	spelled	spelled
stand		stood	stood	eat	ate	eaten	wake	woke	waken
understand		understood	understood	see	saw	seen	wake	waked	waked

原形		过去式	过去分词	原形	过去式	过去分词	原形	过去式	过去分词
be	am/is			build			feel
be	are			lend			keep
do/does				send			leave
go/goes				spend			sleep
have/has				lose			sweep
bet				make			can
cost				hear			shall
cut				deal			will
hit				mean			may
hurt				hold			must
let				sell			bear
put				tell			bear
read				begin			beat
set				drink			beat
shut				ring			forget
spread				sing			forget
become				sink			get
come				swim			get
overcome				break			hide
run				choose			hide
bring				freeze			show
buy				speak			show
fight				steal			burn
think				tear			burn
catch				wear			dream
teach				blow			dream
feed				grow			hang
lead				know			hang
meet				throw			learn
shoot				draw			learn
speed				fly			lie
lay				drive			lie
pay				ride			light
say				rise			light
babysit				write			shine
sit				fall			shine
win				give			smell
dig				mistake			smell
stick				shake			spell
find				take			spell
stand				eat			wake
understand				see			wake

时间	2014-11-8 周六（第二次）
词汇	《词汇书》拼写第一周【第二课】
新概念2	Lesson 4，5，6课【读课文，语法练习题-现在进行时，现在完成时】
语法	数词
作业	《词汇书》【第三课】单词会读会拼写
问题	1.读新概念课文时有些单词发音有问题，发现是英语音标不认识。
	2.英语语法-现在进行时，现在完成时这两个时态没有问题。
	3.找一些阅读资料提升词汇量。

时间	2014-11-10 周一（第三次）
词汇	《词汇书》拼写第一周【第三课】
音标	【元音音标】会认，会读
新概念2	Lesson 7【读课文，语法练习题-过去进行时】
语法	代词
阅读理解	《中考阅读》3篇
作业	《词汇书》【第四课】，找初中不规则动词表，背前两页
问题	1.第三课单词拼写各别有几个没记住，再背。
	2.在学时语法-过去时时，发现动词的过去式，过去分词都不记得拼写了。
	3.阅读理解文章意思看懂了，但是提还是有做错的，努力提高正确率。

时间	2014-11-12 周三（第四次)
词汇	《词汇书》拼写第一周【第四课】、读【第五课】
音标	【元音音标】复习，读音
新概念2	Lesson 8【读课文，语法练习题-形容词和副词的级】
语法	形容词，副词
阅读	《中考阅读》新题型做了3篇，都能做对。
作业	1.《词汇书》【第四课，第五课】继续背。 2.不规则动词表继续背。
问题	1.英语音标元音能认识也能读出来了，有助于读单词，新概念2第8课读的比较熟练了。但是各别几个元音发音总是忘记，再记。下次学习字母组合音标。
	2.词汇书背的还是有忘记的，有一部分拼写不出来。
	3.阅读理解找一些难度大的再练习。

时间	2014-11-15 周六（第五次)
词汇	《词汇书》
音标	【元音音标】
新概念2	Lesson 9【读课文，语法练习题-介词】
语法	介词
阅读	《中考阅读》
作业
问题

过去进行时的讲与练

　　过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或者某段时间正在进行或发生的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用，如： I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。

They were waiting for you yesterday.他们昨天一直在等你。

过去进行时的构成：

　　肯定形式：主语+was/were+V-ing

　　否定形式：主语+was not (wasn't)/were not (weren't)+V-ing

　　疑问形式：Was/Were+主语+V-ing。　　

　基本用法：

　　1.过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week…), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday…)，when sb. did sth等时间状语从句，如：

What were you doing at 7p.m. yesterday? 昨天晚上七点你在干什么？

I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. 我第一次遇到玛丽是在三年前，当时她在一家无线电商店工作。

I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 她敲门时我正在做饭。

2. when后通常用表示暂短性动词，while后通常用表示持续性动词，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，如：

When the car exploded I was walking past it.= While I was walking past the car it exploded.

3.when用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。如：

I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。

4. when作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：

I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇见了他。

We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了

一般过去时与过去进行时的用法比较：

　　　一般过去时表示“在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态”，而过去进行时则表示“在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作”。

　　　如：Tom wrote a letter to his friend last night.

　　　汤姆昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。（信写完了）

　　　 Tom was writing a letter to his friend last night.

　　　汤姆昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。（信不一定写完，只是强调了动作的延续性）。

过去进行时和一般过去时的差别：

　　　一般过去时表示“在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态”，而过去进行时则表示“在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作”。

　　　例如： I was reading an English novel last night.　昨晚我在看一本英文小说。（可能没看完）

　　　I read an English novel last night　　我昨晚看了一本英文小说。（已经看完）

过去进行时练习

二、用动词的适当形式填空。

1. While we __________ (wait) for the bus, a girl __________ (run) up to us.

2. I __________ (telephone) a friend when Bob __________ (come) in.

3. Jim __________ (jump) on the bus as it __________ (move) away.

4. We __________ (test) the new machine when the electricity __________ (go) off.

5. She __________ (not want) to stay in bed while the others ________________ (all, work) in the fields.

6. While mother ________ (put) Cathy to bed, the door bell ________ (ring).

7. As I __________ (walk) in the park, it __________ (begin) to rain.

8. Even when she ___________ (be) a child she ________________ (already, think) of becoming a ballerina (芭蕾舞演员).

9. It was quite late at night. George __________ (read) and Amy __________ (play) her needle when they __________ (hear) a knock at the door.

10. There __________ (be) a group round the fire when they __________ (reach) it. An old woman __________ (sit) on the ground near the kettle; two small children __________ (lie) near her; a donkey __________ (bend) his head over a tall girl.

1. I _____ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.

2. Mary _____ (go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter ____(do) the same thing.

3. What _____ you ___ (do) at that time? We _____ (watch) TV.

4. Was your father at home yesterday evening? Yes ,he was. He _____ (listen) to the radio.

5. They _____(not make) a model ship when I saw him.

6. _____ they ____ (have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon?
No, they _____. They _____ (clean) the classroom.

7. ______ it ______(rain) when you left school? Yes, it ____. (No, it ____)

8. What _____ your father _____ (do) when he was your age?

9. One day, Edison _____ (wait) for a train to arrive, and suddenly a little boy ran to the track(轨道) to play.

10. He asked me if I ______ (go) fishing that afternoon.

11. The three of them were in a hurry because their plane _____ (leave) in five minutes.

12. In a letter, john told us that he _____ (come) to china next month.

13. When the bell rang, jenny _____ (wait) in her seat.

14. She _____ (make) her dress the whole afternoon.

15. While my father ____ (look) through the evening paper, he suddenly ____ a cry.

16. When I ____ (come) in the room, he ____ (see) me, for he ____ (read) something

17. When we _____ (arrive) at the village, it _____ (get) dark and it _____ (rain) hard.

18. I _____ (know) you ____(wait) for me here.

19. One day a little monkey ____ (play) in a tall tree. A mother crocodile(鳄鱼) ____ (look) for food near the bank.

20. What ____ your father ____ (do) yesterday evening? He ____ (study) at the evening school.

21. Later his parents found that he _____ (sit) on some eggs.

22. When he knocked at the door, my aunt ____ (cook)

23. The students ______ (sing) and ____ (dance) happily on the playground at that time.

24. I ____ (write) a letter when the door bell rang.

25. We had no classed at that time. We ____ (plant) trees.

三、选择题。

（）1.    I ______ cooked a meal when you _____ me.
a. cooked, were ringing         b. was cooking, rang
c. was cooking, were ringing        d. cooked, rang

（）2. He said he _____ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.
a. tries b. tried c. was trying d. will try

（）3.    While she ______ TV, she ______ a sound outside the room.
a. was watching, was hearing        b. watched, was hearing
c. watched, heard                        d. was watching, heard

（）4. They _____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.
a. were watching b. watch c. watched d. are watching

（）5.    What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon?
a. did, read, was seeing                b. did, read, saw
c. were, reading, saw                  d. were, reading, was seeing

（）6. It was Friday evening. Mr and Mrs. Green _____ ready to fly to England.
a. are getting b. get c. were getting d. got

（）7. Lei Feng _____ always _____ of others when he ______ in the army.
a. is, thinking, was b. was, thinking, is c. did, think, is d. was, thinking, was

（）8. A girl ______ my pen fall off the table when she _____ me.
a. saw, passed b. was seeing, passed c. was seeing, passed d. was seeing, was passing

（）9. We ____ for tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us ______.
a. were waiting, waiting b. were waiting, wait c. waited, waiting d. waited, wait

（）10. He ____ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday.
a. helps b. would help c. was helping d. is helping

（）11. While mother _______ some washing, I _____ a kite for Kate.
a. did, made b. was doing, made c. was doing, was making d. did, was making

（）12. “_______ you angry then?” “they ______ too much noise.”
a. are, were making b. were, were making c. are, made d. were, made

（）13. He ____ some cooking at that time, so _____ me
a. did, heard b. did, didn’t hear c. was doing, heard d. was doing, didn’t hear

（）14.   This time yesterday jack _____ his bike. He _____ TV
a. repaired, didn’t watch              b. was repairing, watched
c. repaired, watched              d. was repairing, wasn’t watching

（）15. His parents wanted to know how he _____ on with his new classmates.
a. was getting b. gets c. is getting d. will get

四、翻译。

1．昨天这个时候你们英语老师在做什么？她在和一些家长谈话吗？

2．当我离开的时候他正在画一幅世界地图。

3．当你看见他们的时候他们在干什么？他们在打扫教室。

4．那时二班的学生没在操场上踢足球，他们在打篮球。

5．一天，母亲下班回家的时候，约翰在写给一个朋友写信。

6．上周五一下午，学生们在干什么？他们一直在往墙上贴海报。

7．昨天这个时候，一些学生在植树,一些学生在给小树浇水。

8．老师走进教室的时候，学术们正在谈论当天的新闻。

9．老虎等猴子的时候，他听到一个声音。

10. 今天上午放学的时候在下雨吗？是的，天正下着大雨。