1.rigid/ stiff/ unchanged/ little change 僵硬的，一成不变的
2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/ 巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial
3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost
4.proportion/ percentage 比例
5.be involved (in)/ involve in/ involvement [n.] 涉及，卷入，参与
6.given/ considering , in regard to / despite/ although 有鉴于 考虑到，尽管
6.induce [v] 引入，引导，引诱/ inductive [n] 归纳 >< deduce /deductive推断
7.fortune/ destiny/ chances
8.deplete 开采完，耗尽/ exhaust –exhaust emission (尾气)排放/ exploit
9.complex 错综复杂的/ complicated/ sophisticated 老奸巨滑的，复杂的
10.capacity能力，容量/ competence （竞争）能力/ ability 能力（笼统的）
11.确保，保障：Secure-security/ ensure (insure)/ guarantee 押金
12.solely/ merely/ only
13.a vast array of 系列/ a great variety of 花样，品种/ a great rang 系列 of
14.pesticide 杀虫/ suicide 自杀/ homicide/ murder杀人
15.believe/ assume (responsibility)/ suppose
16.授权，委托：authorize/ commission 佣金/ entitle 头衔 + ment =right （权利）
17.purchase/ buy
18. ethnic 种族的/ ethic 伦理，道德的 + s =[n ]
19. modify/ change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]
20. insight/knowledge/ learning/ understanding/ knowing
21.constrain拘泥，限制/ restrict 限制/ limit
22. circumstance 环境（社会 ）/ surroundings/ environment 环境（ 环保 ）背景 background 后台 / settings后台，布景/ context 上下文（ 文章中 ）
23.notorious 臭名昭著的/ flagrant臭的>< SPAN>香的
24.移民：immigrant (进来)/ emigrant(出去)/migrant
25.兴旺，繁荣；prosperous/ thriving/ booming（人口，行业）/flourishing
26.神圣的：divine/ heavenly/ holy/ sacred
27.有毒的：poisonous/ toxic ( in-, non- 无毒的)
28.致命的：deadly/ fatal/ lethal/ mortal
29.类似于：look like/ resemble
30. chronic长期的,慢性的— long-term 长期的
31.网恋：virtual love/ cyber love
32.网友：on-line /net/ cyber friend
上网（聊天）chat on line/ go on-line cyber café/网吧
33.evolve-evolution 进化/ revolute-revolution 革命，旋转/ involve-involution 卷入，涉及
34. indicator/ predictor 表示诠释，预测
35.indicate/ demonstrate/ display/exhibit/betray 展示，显现
36. therapist /expert/ specialist 专家，专业人士
37. 优点，长处，美德：advantage/ merit/ virtue/ length
38. commonest/ frequent 最常见
39. 未开发的，初级的：rudimentary/ underdeveloped
40. 退化：degenerate/ -tion [n] ->generate 生产，制造/ degrade ->grade 等级/ deteriorate 恶化，每况愈下
41. 分类：category-categorize/ class-classify
42. consequence后果->影响/ subsequence紧跟其后/ sequence=order秩序/ frequency频率
43.clash 冲突（民族，种族）/crash 飞机坠毁
44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb /replace 替代
45.alternative=> 选择性，代替性，辅助性
46.孤立：isolate/ alienate/insulate隔绝， 排外，孤立->be alien to/insulate (-ior) 绝缘，隔热（体）
47．缺点，不足之处：defect/ flaw/ failing/ disadvantage /drawback
48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive (-tion)/ innovative (-tion)/ creative (-tion)/ ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty) =>[n]/creative/revolutionary
易错拼写：environment/ convenient
49．neutral 中立的，中性的 /negative 否定，消极，阴性的 /positive 肯定，积极，阳性的
50．ambiguous->ambiguity 模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscure
51.communicate 沟通，传达，通报
52.accommodate 1供...食宿，2=adapt to 适应，调整，3=hold 容纳，4使…停靠
53.commitment 1 ~ to sth 奉献 2 责任,义务
54．contribute to 导致 ~ result in /account for (占据)导致
54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/ insufficient/ deficient/lack (of)/ short (of)
55.强调：emphasize/ stress/ highlight/ focus on/ concentrate on
56. 明显的：apparently 显而易见的/patently 道貌岸然的/ bviously=>evidently
57.对…怀疑：(be) /skeptical/skeptical /dubious/ suspicious (about/of)
58.缺点，缺陷：drawback/ fault/ defect/ imperfection/ failing/ weakness/ shortcoming/ flaw
59.臭命昭著的：notorious->notoriety/ flagrant/ smelly/ odorous
60.，组织：association/ structure /organization
61.超过：exceed/ surpass
62.岩浆：molten rock/ lava/ magma
63.语言：linguist ~学家/ lingual和~有关的/ bilingual/ 双语
64.多种多样的：diversity/ variety/ breed/ species
65. breed：[n]品种，[v]繁殖，培养，引起，造成 reproduce
66.dialect 方言 accent 腔调
67.开始的，初步的：begin/ launch/ initial (-ly) [v] 首字母，开始的/ initiate开始，发动->initiative原创性= origin
68.贫穷：poor/ in poverty/ impoverished（ 被剥夺财产的）
69.杰出：eminence (-t)/ prominence (-t)/unusual
70.gene/ genetic defect ~缺陷/ anatomy解剖/ conceive构思，怀孕/ deliver分娩
71.替换的，非传统的：alternative
72.演绎，推理：deduce->deductive / inferential >< induce 引导，引入，归纳-> induction 归纳
73.令人困惑的：bewildering/ puzzling/ perplexing
74.apply：紧靠，涂，将…应用于，适用，专心致力于，献身于
75.subsidize辅助/ subsidy 补助，补贴/ subsidiary
76.a factor in sth/ depend on sth 依赖，因素
77.be preferred by/ choice 偏爱，选择
78.the present century/ modern society 现代社会
79 broad/ great 广泛，巨大
80.in term of 按照，在…方面，关于/with regard to, in spite of 不顾，尽管
81. small-scale 小范围/ marginal 边缘处的
82. physical/ medical 身体的，医疗的
83.negotiation/ agreement 谈判，洽谈/ 商定，协议
84.grow/make progress/evolve/ develop发展
85.virtual (love)/ simulate 模拟的（网恋）/ 模拟
86.catastrophe/ disaster 大灾难/ 灾难，不幸
87.innovate/ invent 革新，创新/ 发明，创造
sculpture/ craft 雕刻，雕塑/ 工艺
88.exorbitant/ expensive 过度的，极高的/ 费用大的，昂贵的
89. be participant in/ take part in /participate in
90.labour [美，澳]/work
91.attend to/ take care of 关注
92.dual employment/ dual-worker 双职工（家庭）
93.indicate/ predict/presuppose/anticipate 指示，表明，象征/ 预料，预言
94.A major contributor to/ be central to 来源，起点/ 是…的主要，中心原因
95.expert/ therapist 专家，能手；知识丰富的/ 某个专科的专家
96.lead to/ be associated with 相联系（带来…的好处）
97.balanced/ equitable 平等的
